CNS sequelae of hypertension

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are microaneurysms that are less than 1 mm in diameter. They occur in the small penetrating arterioles that perfuse the basal ganglia, pons and subcortical white matter. These aneurysms occur due to long-standing hypertension and are prone to rupture. Hemorrhagic stroke would be evident on the intial CT scan as a focus of intraparenchymal hyperdensity.

Lacunar infarcts are small ischemic infarcts ( less than 15 mm in diameter), usually involving the basal ganglia, pons, internal capsule, or deep white matter of the brain. Lacunar infarcts occur most often due to hypertensive arteriolosclerosis of small, penetrating arterioles.

Neonatal complications of diabetes during pregnancy

• Premature delivery
• Fetal macrosomia
• Neural tube defects (e.g Caudal regression syndrome)
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypocalcemia
• Polycythemia
• Respiratory distress
• Transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Gram positive Cocci Classification

Sexual appearance of fetus at (second to third month) (third to fourth) and (at time of birth) of pregnancy

Sexual appearance of fetus at (second to third month) (third to fourth) and (at time of birth)of pregnancy.

Homocystinuria

Homocystinuria is caused by cystathionine synthetase deficiency. Affected individuals manifest with skeletal abnormalities resembling those of Marfan syndrome. In addition, they are also at high risk of developing thromboembolism. About 50% of affected patients respond to high doses of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine).

Homocystinuria is the most common inborn error of methionine metabolism and is caused by cystathionine synthetase deficiency. Thromboembolic episodes involving both large and small vessels, especially those of the brain, are classically associated with this condition and may occur at any age. Other clinical manifestations resemble those of Marfan syndrome. These include ectopia lentis, elongated limbs, arachnodactyly, and scoliosis.